Poster Keerthana Deepti Karunakaran BioMedical Engineering And Imaging Institute
**Biography**
Dr. Maya Kumar is a Professor of Computer Science at the University of Cambridge, where she leads the *Human‑Computer Interaction Lab*. She earned her B.Sc. (first class) in Electrical Engineering from IIT Delhi and completed her Ph.D. in Human‑Computer Interaction at MIT, focusing on multimodal interfaces for people with disabilities.
**Research Interests**
- **Multimodal Interaction:** Designing natural user interfaces that combine speech, gesture, touch, and haptic feedback. - **Assistive Technologies:** Developing low‑cost, adaptive tools to enhance accessibility for users with motor or visual impairments. - **Contextual Awareness:** Leveraging sensor data (location, motion, physiological signals) to enable context‑aware computing experiences. - **Human‑Centered Design:** Applying participatory design methods to co‑create solutions with end‑users.
**Selected Publications**
1. "Cross‑Modal Feedback for Visually Impaired Users," *Proceedings of ACM CHI*, 2022. 2. "Low‑Power Haptic Interfaces for Mobile Devices," *IEEE Sensors Journal*, 2021. 3. "Contextual Accessibility: Adapting UIs to User Environments," *International Journal of Human–Computer Studies*, 2019.
**Awards & Honors**
- ACM CHI Best Paper Award, 2022 - IEEE Fellow (for contributions to assistive technology), 2020
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### 3. C++ Tool – `xtr`
| Feature | Description | |---------|-------------| | **Purpose** | A lightweight command‑line tool that takes an XML file and a template, and produces a formatted output in any text format (Markdown, plain text, CSV). It is ideal for generating documentation or converting data to human‑readable form. | | **Input** | 1. XML source file (any schema). 2. Template file written in *Mustache* syntax – placeholders like `field`, loops over lists (`#itemsname /items`). | | **Processing** | Uses the *tinyxml2* parser to load the XML into a DOM. Then, with the *mustachecpp* library, it evaluates the template against the DOM nodes: attributes become variables, child elements become nested maps/lists. The result is a plain text string. | | **Output** | Text file (or stdout) – e.g., a human‑readable report, configuration snippet, or even another XML/JSON if the template produces that format. | | **Example Use‑Case** | A company stores its employee data in an XML tree. By writing a simple Mustache template you can generate monthly payroll summaries or export the same data to JSON for a web API – all without changing the source XML. |
### How to Make It Work
1. **Prepare your XML** – ensure it’s well‑formed and optionally validate against an XSD. 2. **Write a Mustache template** – reference tags as `tag`. For nested structures you can use sections (`#section…/section`). 3. **Render with a library** – most languages have a Mustache implementation (e.g., `pystache` in Python, `handlebars.js` in JavaScript). ```python import pystache renderer = pystache.Renderer() result = renderer.render(template, data) ``` 4. **Post‑process** – if you need to transform the output into XML/JSON, parse it or use a dedicated library.
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### 3. Common pitfalls & how to avoid them
| Problem | Why it happens | Fix | |---------|----------------|-----| | **Missing keys cause empty strings** | Template references a key that doesn’t exist in your data dict | Provide default values (e.g., `key `) or validate data before rendering. | | **Indentation errors in YAML/JSON** | Mixing tabs and spaces, or inconsistent indentation | Use a linter (`yamllint`, `jsonlint`). In VS Code, enable "Render Whitespace" to see hidden characters. | | **Nested loops not closing properly** | Forgetting the `% endfor %` tag or mis‑nesting tags | Count opening/closing tags manually or use an IDE that highlights matching tags. | | **Wrong data type (string vs list)** | Passing a string where a list is expected for a loop | Inspect variable types; in Python, `isinstance(x, list)` before iterating. | | **File path errors** | Using backslashes on Windows inside templates or JSON paths | Use raw strings (`r"path\to\file"`) or forward slashes `/`. | | **Encoding issues (non‑ASCII characters)** | JSON or template files saved as ANSI instead of UTF‑8 | Re‑save the file in UTF‑8 without BOM. | | **Unexpected `null` values** | Using optional fields that may not be present | Use default values: `% if var %…% else %default% endif %`. |
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## 3. Practical Examples
Below are a few common scenarios that illustrate how to apply the troubleshooting steps.
### 3.1. JSON Parsing Error in Python
```python import json
data = '{"name": "Alice", "age": 30,}' # Note the trailing comma
**Fix:** Remove the trailing comma or correct the JSON format.
### 3.2. Invalid Field in a MongoDB Document
```javascript db.users.insertOne( _id: ObjectId(), name: "Bob", email: "bob@example.com", // No 'age' field present ); ```
If your application expects an `age` field, you should either add it or adjust the code to handle its absence.
### 3.3. Handling Missing Field in JavaScript
```javascript const user = getUser(); // Might return null if missing fields
if (!user || typeof user.age !== 'number') console.warn('Age is missing or invalid');
```
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## ? Quick Recap
- **Invalid or malformed data**: Wrong format, corrupted input. - **Missing or incomplete fields**: Required properties are absent or empty. - **Wrong or unexpected data type**: Data doesn't match the expected type. - **Incorrect or out-of-range values**: Values exceed allowed ranges. - **Security or validation concerns**: Potential vulnerabilities like injection attacks.
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## ? Next Steps
1. **Validate Input Early**: Use schema validation tools (e.g., Joi, Yup) to catch issues before processing. 2. **Log Errors Clearly**: Include the problematic value and context in error logs. 3. **Provide Feedback**: Return informative error messages or codes to clients for easier debugging. 4. **Sanitize Data**: Clean inputs to prevent injection attacks.
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Feel free to review this guide and let me know if you need any adjustments or additional sections!
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